Carburetor



April 12, 1927. 624,603

c. F. L. KAUFMANN' ET AL GARBURETOR Filed Oct. 28, .1918 s Sheets5heet 1 I glvwento'c a J 1 g-fnzaw u April 12, 1927.

1,624,603 (3. F. L. KAUFMANN ET AL A CARBURETOR Filed 001;. 28, 1918 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 I liven'or Patented Apr. 12, 1927.

UNITED STATES" CHARLES E. L. KAUFMAN N AND WALLER L. KAUFMANN, OF SANTA ANA, GALIFOBNIA..

PATENT OFFICE.

CARBURETOR.

Application filed October 28, 1918. Serial No. 260,042.

This invention pertains to carburetors,

' more especially of the type employed with variable speed engines and an object of the invention is to produce a carburetor having maximum etficiency and one that .is not liable to get out of order.

Other objects and advantages will appear in the subjoined detailed description.

. The accompanying drawings illustrate the invention:

Figure 1 is an elevation mainly in vertical mid section of a carburetor built inac,- cordance with the provisions of this invention.

Fig. 2 is an enlarged view mainly in section on line indicated by :v -m Fig. v1.

Fig. 3 is an enlarged sectional elevation on line indicated by w w ,'Fig. 2.

Fig. 4: is a view analogous to Fig. 3 showing a modified construction of the needle valve for controlling the auxiliary fuel sup- P Fig. 5 is an enlarged sectional elevation on line indicated by a2 w Fig. '2.

Fig. 6 isan enlarged fragmentary detail of the nozzle adjusting gage.

Fig. 7 is an enlarged fragmental sectional elevation of the nozzle portions of the carburetor.

Fig. 8 is a plan section on line indicated by'w a: Fig.7. 2 1

Fig. 9 is a plan section on line indicated by w w", Fig. 7

Fig. 10 is a perspective view of the outer adjustable nozzle head in Fig. 7 and the fuel spreader, a portion of the fuel spreader ,being broken away to show the interior construction more clearly.

Fig. 11 is a perspective view of the inner :uljustable nozzle head in Fig. 7. There is provided a body comprising a tubular air passage 1 and an auxiliary air inlet passage 2 projecting laterally from the passage 1 and communicating therewith. Atits outer end the air inlet passage 2 is provided with an air inlet port 3controllcd by a valve 4 adapted to seat on a valve seat The valve 4 may be operated at will and for this purpose is provided with a valve stem 6 operated by any suitable mechanism indicatedin general by the character 7, said mechanism notbeing shown and describedv n deta1l here1n since such mechanisms are well understood in the art pertaining to carburetors. I v

The air passage 1 isprovided with an external nozzle tube 8 which communicates at its lower end with a fuel chamber 9, the air passage and fuel chamber being separated from one another by a partition 10. Inside of theexternal tube 8 is an internal nozzle tube 11 spaced from the external tube to form an annular nozzle fuel passage 12. The lower end of the internal nozzle tube 11 is provided with an annular flange 13 which forms the bottom of the fuel chamber 9 and which is screw-threaded into a main air passage 14.

1n the instance shown in the drawings thev air passage 14 is constructed in sections and the upper section is integral with the l'uel chamber 9 and the lower section is of U-shaped construction and is provided at its butterfly valve 17. A hollow locking nut 22 is screw-threaded into the air passage 14 against the flange 13 so as to prevent turning of said flange.

The upper end of the internal tube 11 communicates with the air passage 1 and the lower end of said tube communicates through the nut 22 with the air passage 14 so that air drawn through the ports -16 passes through the air passage 14, thence through the nozzle tube 11 into the air passage 1.

The air passage 1 forms a mixing chamber for the air and fuel" and the outlet 23 at the upper end of the air passage 1 is controlled by a butterfly valve 24 having a hub 25 which is fastened by a screw 26 or its equivalent to a tubular valve 27 formed by the inner end of a shaft 28 that extends through the hub and that is operated by an arm 28", said shaft being journaled at its outer end in the air passage 1. The valve 27 and hub 25 are provided with a port 29 which is adapted to communicate, when the valve'24e is in closed position, with a port 29 extending transversely to the axis of a stud 30 that extends into'the tubular valve 27 and that serves tojournalthe inner end of the shaft 28. The outer end of the stud 30 forms a head 31 which may be fastened by a screw 32 or its equivalent to the outer face of the air passage '1. "The port 29' communicates with a fuel duct 33 in the stud 30. The outer portion of the fuel duct is enlarged at 34 and the enlarged portion 1S provided with a needle valve 35 .to regulate into the head 31 axially of the stud 30 and is provided at its outer end with an arm 36' whereby the needle valve may be turned for adjusting it. In the modification shown in Fig. 4 the needle valve 35 is screw-threadcd into the head '31. and is normal to the axis of the stud 30 and may be turned by .anysu'itable means, not shown.

The fuel duct 33 communicates near its outer end with a fuel pipe 37 which in turn communicates with a float chamber 38. It may be desirable to have a hand-operated valve in the fuel pipe/37 andsuch a valve is indicated at 39. The float chamber 38 also communicates through aport 40 with the fuel chamber 9. It is clear from the foregoing that when the throttle'valve 24 is in closed position fuel will be drawn from the float chamber 38 into the pipe 37 and thence through the duct '33 and ports 29, 28 to the air passage 1 above the throttle valve. The valve 39 may be operated by an arm 41 and said arm may in turn be operated by a rod 42 which extends to within easy reach of the operator; The throttle arm 36 may be operated bya rod43-which may also extend to within reach of the operator. I

The upper end of the external nozzle tube 8-is provided with an upwardly and outwardly beveled face'60 correspondin to an outwardly and upwardly beveled ace 61 on anouter nozzle head 62 which is adjustably screw-threaded onto the upper end of the internal nozzle tube 11. The nozzle head 62 is provided with an upwardly and outwardly expanding funnel shaped outlet and fuel spreader 63. The adjustment of the nozzle head 62 is effected, in this instance, by reason of the nozzle head being screwthreaded onto the upper end of the internal nozzle tube 11. Thus turning of the nozzle head will move the head toward or from the upper end of the external nozzle tube 8 to change the cross sectional area of the nozzle orifice. Turning of the nozzle head 62 is effected, in the instance shown, by a bridge 47 connected to an adjusting rod 49 which extends vertically and axially of the internal nozzle tube 11 and through a portion of the air passage '14 and projects through the wall of the air passage. 14. The projecting lower end of the rod 49 is provided with an arm 50 which is a rod 51 that extends to within reach of the operator so that by operation of the rod 51 operated by he may produce turning of the nozzle head for this purpose the projecting end of the rod 49 is provided with a flange 52 that may be marked on its periphery with graduations 53, any one of which may be brought into registration with an indicating mark 54 on a boss 55 which is formed on the outer face of the U-shaped portion of the air passage 14.

inside of the internal nozzle tub e11 is a supplemental nozzle tube 64 having at its lower end a flange 65 which is screwthreaded into the internal nozzle tube 11, there being a hollow locking nut 66 also screw-threaded into the internal nozzle tube 11 against the flange 65. to prevent said flange from 1 turning; The supplemental nozzle tube 64 is spaced from the inner nozzle tube 11 to form an annular passage 67 and said passage is. separated by the flange 65, which forms a partition, from the lower portion of the. interior of the inner nozzle tube'll. The inner nozzle tube 11 is provided with a port or portsGS which afford communication between the fuel pas sages 12 and 67. The upper end of the supplemental nozzle tube 64 is upwardly and nozzle head 71 is provided with a bridge 72 which is connected by a tubular shaft 7 3 to an operating arm 74, said tubular shaft surrounding and being journaled on the shaft 49.

The operation of the elements of the ear buretor thus far described is as follows:

Assuming that the air passage 1 is connected 1n the usual manner to the manifold of an internal COIDbLISl'AODGIIgIIIG, that fuel,

as indicated at a, Fig. 1, is .in the chambers 9 and 38, and that the valves 4 and 24 are closed,- the engine will be started into operation by hand or power cranking in a manner well understood in the art pertaining to internal combustion-engines so as to create a partial vacuum in the portion of the air passage 1 that is above the throttle valve 24. 'lhe-throttle valve being closed the ports 29, 29 will be inregister with one another and thus suction will'occur in the pipe 37 so as to draw fuel from the float chamber 38 through said pipe ,into the air passage 1 above the throttle valve. The throttle valve does not fit so tightly in the air passage 1 but that there is a relatively small leakage of air past said valve and this air, together with the fuel sucked through the pipe 37,

will produce a relatively rich mixture on which the engine will easily start into selfopcration in a manner well understood. in the internal combustion engine artn The engine will operate at relatively low s eed on this mixture, W'hen higher speed o the engine is dcsiredthe operator will open the throttlevalve 24:, for'instance, to the position shown in Fig. 5 of the drawings,- thus duccd by the engine no longer occurs in the pipe37. This opening of the throttle valve cruises the engine suction to be applied adjacent the fuel nozzle in such degree as to cause=the fuel to' be sprayed from the nozzle orifice into the air passage 1; Air enters through "the air passage 14; and passes through the internal nozzle tube 11 and spreader 63 into the air passage 1 where it mixes with the fuel from the nozzle. It is noted that when the fuel nozzle is in operation to spray the fuel, whatever fuel is'not immediately absorbed and carried away by the air is sprayed outward against the inner face of the Spreaders 63. The valves 4 and 17 will be adjusted according to the relative amounts of fuel and air desired in the mixture, as isreadily understood. Thus whatever fuel is sprayed from the'nozzle' inexcess of thatimruediately taken up by the air,;

is spread upon the inner face of the spreaderw 63 and is taken up by friction-of the 'air as it passes therethrou h.

To change the ratio of fuelrto airregardless of the degree of opening of the valves 4 and 17 the operator will turn the operating arm 50 in one direction 'or-the other-to increase or diminish the cross sectional area of the nozzle orificeformed by the space between the "beveled,-f aces '60 and. 61. Also the operator may change the proportion of fuel to'air regardlessof the degree of opening of thevalves 4c and 17 by operating the arm 74- so as to move the beveled faces 69,

toward or fromoneanother as the case.

may be to increase or diminish the cross. sectional area of the inner nozzle orifice. v

The construction ofthe float chamber 38 and its parts will now be described in 'detail, provision being madeto adjust to a high degree of precision the level ofthe' fuel a. In the float chamber 38 is a float 75' through the vertical axis of which extends a 'needle valve 7 6 controlling the flow of fuel through a fuel duct 77 in a stem 78 that is screwthreaded into a hollow boss 79 projecting downward from the bottom of the float chamber 38, Surrounding the lower end of the needle valve 78 and the boss 79 is-a' chamber 80 which is provided with a packinggland 81 for the stem 78. The upper end of the needle valve 7 6 passes through and is guided by a hollow boss, 82 and projects above said boss. {The boss '82 is screwthreaded to receive a cap 83 which thus spaces between the tubes.

supplied with fuel through a fuel 'pipeS which may be. connected to a fuel tank, not shown. The needle valve 76 is provided "with a collar 85 and pivoted to said collar are levers8ti which in turn are pivoted at 4 87 to brackets 88 projecting downward from closing the port 29 whereupon suction proper end of the float 75 and the up and down movement of the float 75 will thus move the needle valve 7.6 downward and upward to regulate the flow of fuel from thefuel chamber 80 to the float chamber 38 in a manner easily understood to determine the level to which the fuel a will rise in the carburetor. The level to which the fuel may rise and at which it is maintained is predetermined by the level of the valve seat 89 relative to the level of the float when the levers 86 en-' gage said float. To raise the fuel level the stem 78 will be turned to screw it outward or downward and to lower the fuel level the stem 78 will be turned to screw it inward or upward.

The invention 'is not limited in its broader phases to the exact details of construction shown, in thedrawings and above described by the middle't'ube axially adjustable thereon and cooperating with the upper ends of the inner and outer tubes respectively to form an annular fuel discharge orifice-for each fuel passage, said adjustable heads haw ing concentric air passages of fixed area, means for adjusting the heads to vary the sizes of the orifices, and means to supply fuel to the s aces between the tubes.

2. In' a car uretor, three concentric nozzle tubes forming intermediate fuel passages, the inner tube forming an air passage of fixed area, annular heads carried by the middle tube, and axiallyadjustable thereon and cooperating with the ends of the inner and outer tubes respectively to form an annular fuel discharge orificefor each fuel passage, said adjustable heads having concentric air assages of fixed areas, means for adjusting tie heads to vary the size of the orifices. and means to supply fuel to the Signed at Los Angeles,

California, this 17th da of October, 1918.,

' HARLES F.- L. KAUFMANNa,

WALLER L. KAUFMANN. 

